Weight loss can be a challenging journey, especially for those dealing with obesity or weight-related health issues. While diet and exercise are fundamental components of a weight loss plan, some individuals may need additional support from medications. GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) agonists have emerged as a promising option for aiding weight loss. This guide will provide a comprehensive overview of GLP-1 agonists, explain how they work, and discuss their benefits and side effects.
Article by: Whittany Gibson, RDN
Whittany is the Co-Founder of Alterra Health and a seasoned Registered Dietitian specializing in bariatric and medical weight loss. With over ten years of expertise in the weight loss industry, she designs comprehensive nutrition, mindset, exercise, and coaching programs to support patients on their journey to better health.
1) An overview of GLP-1 medications like Ozempic, Zepbound, Wegovy, Mounjaro, & more.
GLP-1 agonists are a class of medications that mimic the action of the GLP-1 hormone, which is naturally produced in the gut. This hormone plays a crucial role in regulating appetite, insulin secretion, and glucose metabolism. Initially developed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, GLP-1 agonists have also been found to promote significant weight loss, making them a valuable tool for individuals struggling with obesity.
Some of the most commonly prescribed GLP-1 agonists include:
Liraglutide (Saxenda, Victoza)
Tirzepatide (Mounjaro)
Semaglutide (Wegovy, Ozempic)
Exenatide (Byetta, Bydureon)
Dulaglutide (Trulicity)
These medications are typically administered via subcutaneous injection, although oral forms are also being developed.
2) How GLP-1 agonists work for weight loss.
GLP-1 agonists aid weight loss through several mechanisms:
Appetite suppression:
GLP-1 agonists act on the brain’s appetite centers to promote a feeling of fullness and reduce hunger, leading to decreased food intake.
Slowed gastric emptying:
These medications slow the emptying of the stomach, which helps to prolong the feeling of fullness after eating and reduces overall calorie consumption.
Enhanced insulin secretion:
GLP-1 agonists stimulate the release of insulin in response to meals, helping to control blood sugar levels and prevent the storage of excess glucose as fat.
Reduction of glucagon secretion:
They decrease the secretion of glucagon, a hormone that raises blood sugar levels, further aiding in glucose regulation and weight management.
By addressing multiple pathways involved in hunger and metabolism, GLP-1 agonists provide a comprehensive approach to weight loss.
3) What are the benefits of GLP-1 agonists?
Significant weight loss:
Clinical studies have demonstrated that GLP-1 agonists like Ozempic, Wegovy, Semaglutide, Mounjaro, Zepbound, Tirzepatide, Liraglutide, Saxenda, Trulicity, and Victoza can lead to substantial weight loss, with some patients losing up to 10-15% of their body weight over the course of treatment.
Improved blood sugar control:
These medications are effective in managing blood sugar levels, making them particularly beneficial for individuals with type 2 diabetes or prediabetes.
Cardiovascular health:
GLP-1 agonists have been shown to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events such as heart attack and stroke in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Better quality of life:
Many patients report improved quality of life due to weight loss, including increased energy levels, better mobility, and enhanced self-esteem.
4) What are the side effects of GLP-1 agonists?
While GLP-1 agonists offer numerous benefits, they are not without potential side effects. The most common side effects include:
Gastrointestinal issues:
Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea are common, especially during the initial stages of treatment as the body adjusts to the medication.
Hypoglycemia:
Although rare when used alone, the risk of hypoglycemia increases if GLP-1 agonists are combined with other diabetes medications, such as insulin or sulfonylureas.
Injection site reactions:
Some patients may experience redness, itching, or discomfort at the injection site.
Potential for pancreatitis:
There is a slight risk of developing pancreatitis, a serious inflammation of the pancreas. Patients should be aware of the symptoms and seek immediate medical attention if they experience severe abdominal pain.
Thyroid tumors:
Animal studies have shown an increased risk of thyroid tumors with some GLP-1 agonists, though this risk has not been confirmed in humans. Regular monitoring is advised.
5) A summary for individuals considering the use of GLP-1 agonists for weight loss.
In conclusion, GLP-1 agonists represent a powerful option for individuals seeking to lose weight, particularly those who have struggled with traditional methods or have concurrent type 2 diabetes. By understanding how these medications work, their benefits, and potential side effects, patients can make informed decisions in partnership with their healthcare providers.
If you’re considering GLP-1 agonists for weight loss, consult with your doctor to discuss whether they are a suitable option for you and to develop a comprehensive weight loss plan tailored to your needs. With the right approach, GLP-1 agonists can be an effective component of your weight loss journey, leading to improved health and well-being.
Did you know Alterra Health offers a variety of no-cost resources for individuals taking GLP-1 medications like Ozempic, Wegovy, Mounjaro, Zepbound, and more? Be sure to check out our free Facebook Support Group, free Reddit Support Community, and free guide to overcoming weight loss plateaus.
Alterra Health and its parent company Puente Holdings, LLC provide education, coaching, guides, support, and programs for patients. Individual results may vary. This article should not be construed as medical advice. For all clinical questions, please consult your medical provider.